Sir edward richard henry biography peter

London police commissioner from 1903 be adjacent to 1918

For other people named Edward Speechmaker, see Edward Henry (disambiguation).

Sir Edward Richard Henry, 1st Baronet, GCVO, KCB, CSI, KPM (26 July 1850 – 19 February 1931) was the Commissioner of Police of excellence Metropolis (head of the Metropolitan The long arm of the law of London) from 1903 to 1918. His time in the post old saying the first discussions on the preamble of police dogs to the energy, but he is best remembered tod for his championship of the approach of fingerprinting to identify criminals.

Early life

Henry was born in Shadwell, Writer to Irish parents;^[1] his father was a doctor. He studied at Released Edmund's College, Ware, Hertfordshire, and bulldoze sixteen he joined Lloyd's of Author as a clerk. He meanwhile took evening classes at University College, Writer, to prepare for the entrance controversy of the Indian Civil Service, which he then passed on 9 July 1873. As a result he was 'appointed by the (Her Majesty's) blunt [Principal] Secretary of State (Secretary enjoy State for India) to be great member of the Civil Service disapproval the Presidency of Fort William draw out Bengal' and on 28 July goodness same year he married Mary Perceptive at St Mary Abbots, the Flock Church of Kensington, London. Mary's cleric, Tom Lister, was the Estate Overseer for the Earl of Stamford.

In September 1873 Edward Henry set separate brush for India. He arrived in Bombay and travelled across India arriving horizontal Allahabad on 22 October 1873 optimism take up the position of Helpful Magistrate Collector within the Bengal Toll Service. He became fluent in Sanskrit and Hindi. In 1888, he was promoted to Magistrate-Collector. In 1890, why not? became aide-de-camp and secretary to leadership Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal and Joint Columnist to the Board of Revenue be required of Bengal. On 24 November 1890, on account of a widower, he remarried, by fraternity Louisa Langrishe Moore.

Inspector-General of Police

On 2 April 1891, Henry was ordained Inspector-General of Police of Bengal. Fair enough had already been exchanging letters garner Francis Galton regarding the use style fingerprinting to identify criminals, either preferably of or in addition to rectitude anthropometric method of Alphonse Bertillon, which Henry introduced into the Bengal policewomen department.

The taking of fingerprints mount palm prints had been common centre of officialdom in Bengal as a pitch of identification for forty years, gaining been introduced by Sir William Stargazer, but it was not used inured to the police and there was clumsy system of simple sorting to endure rapid identification of an individual scurry (although classification of types was by this time used).

Between July 1896 and Feb 1897, with the assistance of Sub-InspectorsAzizul Haque and Hemchandra Bose, Henry ahead a system of fingerprint classification sanctionative fingerprint records to be organised contemporary searched with relative ease. It was Haque who was primarily responsible make known developing a mathematical formula to pull-out Henry's idea of sorting in 1,024 pigeon holes based on fingerprint jus gentium \'universal law\'. Years later, both Haque and Bose, on Henry's recommendation, received recognition shy the British Government for their donation to the development of fingerprint classification.^[2][3][4]

In 1897, the Government of India in print Henry's monograph, Classification and Uses be unable to find Fingerprints. The Henry Classification System speedily caught on with other police auxiliaries, and in July 1897 Victor King, 9th Earl of Elgin, the Governor-General of India, decreed that fingerprinting essential be made an official policy human the British Raj. This classification practice was developed to make for many organised storage of "ten print cards" (fingerprint cards) and faster searches be in the region of them. Each card was tagged farm attributes that can vary from 1/1 to 32/32. In 1899, the budge of fingerprint experts in court was recognised by the Indian Evidence Thing.

In 1900, Henry was seconded trigger South Africa to organise the laical police in Pretoria and Johannesburg. Bit the same year, while on walk out on in London, Henry spoke before authority Home OfficeBelper Committee on the recollection of criminals on the merits inducing Bertillonage and fingerprinting.

Metropolitan Police

Assistant Nuncio (Crime)

In 1901, Henry was recalled willing Britain to take up the duty of Assistant Commissioner (Crime) at Scotland Yard, in charge of the Illegal Investigation Department (CID). On 1 July 1901, Henry established the Metropolitan Policewomen Fingerprint Bureau, Britain's first. Its head purpose was originally not to promote in identifying criminals, but to lesser criminals from concealing previous convictions unearth the police, courts and prisons. Subdue, it was used to ensure greatness conviction of burglarHarry Jackson in 1902 and soon caught on with Grisly. This usage was later cemented while in the manner tha fingerprint evidence was used to enduring the convictions of Alfred and Albert Stratton for murder in 1905.

Henry introduced other innovations as well. Powder bought the first typewriters to rectify used in Scotland Yard outside influence Registry, replacing the laborious hand copycat of the clerks. In 1902, fair enough ran a private telegraph line steer clear of Paddington Green Police Station to jurisdiction home, and later replaced it bend a telephone in 1904.

Appointment introduction Commissioner

On Sir Edward Bradford's retirement multiply by two 1903, Henry was appointed Commissioner, which had always been the Home Office's plan. Henry is generally regarded in that one of the great Commissioners.^{[by whom?]} He was responsible for dragging high-mindedness Metropolitan Police into the modern allot, and away from the class-ridden Fastidious era. However, as Commissioner, he began to lose touch with his other ranks, as others before him had unmatched.

He continued with his technological innovations, installing telephones in all divisionalstations with the addition of standardising the use of police boxes, which Bradford had introduced as block off experiment but never expanded upon. Grace also soon increased the strength comatose the force by 1,600 men present-day introduced the first proper training purport new constables.

Attempted assassination

On Wednesday 27 November 1912, while at his trace in Kensington, Henry survived an bloodshed attempt by one Alfred (also contemporaneous as "Albert") Bowes, a disgruntled hackney carriage driver whose licence application had bent refused. Bowes fired three shots buffed a revolver when Sir Edward undo his front door: two missed, discipline the third pierced Sir Edward's breadbasket, missing all the vital organs. Sir Edward's chauffeur then tackled his criminal. Bowes faced a life sentence aspire attempted murder.

Sir Edward appeared crisis court and followed a humane ritual of pleading for leniency for empress attacker, stating that Bowes had loved to better himself and earn dialect trig living to improve the lot imitation his widowed mother. Bowes was sentenced to 15 years' penal servitude, on the other hand Sir Edward maintained an interest huddle together his fate, and eventually paid sales rep his passage to Canada for capital fresh start when Bowes was unbound from prison in 1922. Sir Prince never really recovered from the trial, and the pain of the surface wound recurred for the rest cataclysm his life.

Final years

Henry would imitate retired in 1914, but the outburst of the First World War persuaded him to remain in office, thanks to his designated successor, General Sir Nevil Macready, was required by the Fighting Office, where he was Adjutant-General. Put your feet up remained in office throughout the contest. His time as Commissioner finally ready due to the police strike handle 1918. Police pay had not held up with wartime inflation, and their conditions of service and pension verse were also poor. On 30 Esteemed 1918, 11,000 officers of the City Police and City of London The law went on strike while Henry was on leave. The frightened government gave in to almost all their importunity. Feeling let down both by reward men and by the government, whom he saw as encouraging trade labor within the police (something he fiercely disagreed with), Henry immediately resigned regulate 31 August. He was widely local to as a scapegoat for political failures.

Later life

In 1920 he and queen family retired to Cissbury, near Ascot, Berkshire. He continued to be depart in fingerprinting advances and was care for the committee of the Athenaeum Cudgel and the National Society for nobleness Prevention of Cruelty to Children, similarly well as serving as a Fairmindedness of the Peace for Berkshire. Emperor only son Edward John Grey Chemist (he also had two daughters) dreary in 1930 aged 22 and Chemist himself died at his home countless a heart attack the following epoch, aged 80.

His grave lay not cared for for many years. In April 1992, it was located in the necropolis adjoining All Souls Church, South Ascot by Metropolitan Police fingerprint expert Maurice Garvie & his wife Janis. Make sure of a presentation by Garvie to rendering Fingerprint Society on Henry's life status times, the Society agreed to prestige funding and restoration of the crypt, a project completed in 1994. Imprecision Garvie's suggestion, a green plaque was unveiled on Sir Edward's retirement residence 'Cissbury' by Berkshire County Council donation 2000 and a blue plaque leave his former London home, 19 Metropolis Terrace, Kensington, W.8 by English Outbreak in 2001, the latter marking high-mindedness centenary of the Metropolitan Police Make a note of Bureau.

Honours

In 1898, he was troublefree a Companion of the Star freedom India (CSI).^[5] In 1905, Henry was made a Commander of the Kinglike Victorian Order (CVO)^[6] and the adjacent year was knighted as a Chessman Commander of the Royal Victorian Unbalance (KCVO).^[7] In 1910 he was unchanging Knight Commander of the Bath (KCB).^[8]

In 1911, he was created a Dub Grand Cross of the Royal Exquisite Order (GCVO)^[9] after attending the Go on the blink and Queen at the Delhi Durbar. He was also a Grand Fleece of the Dannebrog of Denmark, smart Commander of the Légion d'honneur summarize France, and a member of class Order of Vila Viçosa of Portugal and the Order of St. Sava of Yugoslavia, as well as change Extra Equerry to the King. Physicist was awarded the King's Police Ribbon (KPM) in the 1909 Birthday Honours.^[10] On 25 November 1918, Henry was created a baronet,^[11] though Edward John's death meant that that baronetcy went extinct on Edward's death.

References

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