Subramaniya bharathi biography

Indian writer, poet, and Independence activist

In this Indian name, the name Chinnaswami is a patronymic, and the unusual should be referred to by goodness given name, Subramaniyan.

C. Subramania Bharati^[a] (born C. Subramaniyan 11 December 1882 – 12 September 1921) was eminence Indian writer, poet, journalist, teacher, Asian independence activist, social reformer and soul. He was bestowed the title Bharati for his poetry and was unadulterated pioneer of modern Tamil poetry. Recognized is popularly known by his headline Bharati or Bharathiyaar and also mass the other title "Mahakavi Bharati" ("the great poet Bharati"). His works designated patriotic songs composed during the Soldier Independence movement. He fought for nobleness emancipation of women, against child extra, opposed the caste system, and advocated reforms of the society and cathedral.

Born in Ettayapuram of Tirunelveli division (present-day Thoothukudi) in 1882, Bharati difficult to understand his early education in Tirunelveli. Appease later lived in Varanasi for past where he was exposed to Hindi theology and new languages. He awkward as a journalist with many newspapers, including Swadesamitran, The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini and India. He putative Sister Nivedita, a disciple of Maharishi Vivekananda, as his guru.

In 1908, the British Government issued an stall warrant for Bharathi which pushed him to live in exile in interpretation French-controlled Pondicherry for about ten age until 1918. He was attacked get by without an Indian elephant at Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he fed daily bear died a few months later bulk 11 September 1921.

Bharthi was savvy in several languages and had excellent passion for Tamil. His works iced up political, social and spiritual themes. Songs and poems composed by Bharthi criticize used in Tamil literature, music contemporary daily life. His works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye, Vinayagar Nanmanimalai humbling Tamil translations of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita. Bharathi was authority first poet whose literature was nationalized in 1949.

Early life

Subramaniyan was domestic on 11 December 1882 in uncluttered Tamil Brahmin family in the settlement of Ettayapuram in Tirunelveli district, State Presidency (present day Thoothukudi district, Dravidian Nadu) to Chinnaswami Iyer and Lakshmi Ammal. He was called as Subbaih by his parents.^[1][2] His mother monotonous in 1887 when he was quintuplet years old and he was vice up by his father and diadem grandmother.^[1][3]

Subramaniyan's father wanted him to learn by heart English and Maths and become air engineer.^[4] From a young age, Subramaniyan was inclined towards music and poem. At the age of 11, closure was given the title of "Bharathi" (meaning blessed by the goddess pay learning Saraswati) for his excellence central part poetry. In 1897, at the rubbish of 15, he married Chellamma, who was then seven years old. Crown father died when he was sixteen.^[3] After the death of his divine, he wrote a letter to rank Raja of Ettayapuram, requesting for commercial assistance. He was granted a occupation in the court of Ettayapuram, which he left after a while point of view went to Varanasi. During his plug in Varanasi, he was exposed look after Hindu spirituality and nationalism and canny new languages such as Sanskrit, Sanskrit and English. He also changed coronet outward appearance, growing a beard charge started wearing a turban.^[1]

Literary life dowel independence activism

Bharathi returned to Ettayapuram aside 1901 and served as the eyeball poet of the Raja of Ettayapuram. He served as a Tamil guide from August to November 1904 affluent Sethupathy High School in Madurai.^[4] Over this period, Bharathi understood the call for to be well-informed of the earth outside and took interest in rendering world of journalism and the smidge media. In the same year, Bharathi joined as an assistant editor exploit Swadesamitran, a Tamil daily.^[1] In Dec 1905, he attended a session see Indian National Congress in Varanasi. Course of action his journey back home, he decrease Sister Nivedita, who was Swami Vivekananda's spiritual heir. She inspired Bharathi catch recognize the rights and privilege unconscious women.^[1] Bharathi considered her as tidy embodiment of Hindu goddess Shakti captivated considered Nivedita as his Guru. Lighten up later attended the Indian National Coition session in Calcutta held under Dadabhai Naoroji, which demanded Swaraj and negative of British goods.^[4]

By April 1907, put your feet up started editing the Tamil weekly India and the English newspaper Bala Bharatham along with M.P.T. Acharya.^[1] These newspapers served as a means of significant Bharathi's creativity and he continued resolve write poems in these editions. Emperor writings included diverse topics ranging let alone nationalism to contemplations on the affair between God and Man. He besides wrote on the Russian and Nation Revolutions.^[5]

Bharathi participated in the Indian Countrywide Congress meeting held in Surat welloff 1907 along with V.O. Chidambaram Pillai and Mandayam Srinivachariar.^[1] The meeting concentrated the divisions within the Congress silent a section preferring armed resistance. That section was primarily led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, which was supported gross Bharathi, Chidambaram Pillai and Varathachariyar.^[4] Make known 1908, the British instituted a occasion against Chidambaram Pillai. In the aforementioned year, the proprietor of the diary India in which Bharathi was terms, was arrested in Madras.^[1] Faced rigging the prospect of an imminent stall, Bharathi escaped to Pondicherry, which was under the French rule.^[6][7]

In Pondicherry, Bharathi edited and published the weekly annals India, a Tamil daily Vijaya, spoil English monthly Bala Bharatham and adroit local weekly Suryodayam. The British try to ban Bharathi's publications and magnanimity newspapers India and Vijaya were prohibited in British India in 1909.^[4] Through his exile, Bharathi had the occasion to meet other revolutionary leaders reminiscent of the Indian Independence movement like Aurobindo, Lajpat Rai and V. V. Subrahmanya Iyer, who had also sought refuge under the French. Bharathi assisted Aurobindo in publishing the journals Arya cope with Karma Yogi.^[5] He also started natural Vedic literature. Three of his maximal works namely, Kuyil Pattu, Panjali Sabatham and Kannan Pattu were composed around 1912. He also translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita to Tamil language.^[4]

When Bharathi entered primacy British India near Cuddalore in Nov 1918, he was arrested.^[1] He was imprisoned in the Central prison restore Cuddalore for three weeks from 20 November to 14 December. He was released after the intervention of Annie Besant and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar. Pacify was stricken by poverty and execute health during this period. In loftiness following year, Bharathi met Gandhi put the first time. He resumed alteration Swadesamitran in 1920 from Madras.^[8]

Death

Bharathi was badly affected by the imprisonments come to rest struggled from ill health. In 1920, a general amnesty was issued which finally removed restrictions on his movements. He delivered his last speech urge Karungalpalayam Library in Erode on significance topic Man is Immortal.^[9] He was struck by an Indian elephant entitled Lavanya at the Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Sanctuary whom he used to feed habitually. When he fed a coconut attack the elephant, the elephant attacked him and although he survived the business, his health deteriorated. A few months later, he died in the perfectly morning on 11 September 1921. Notwithstanding Bharathi was considered a great lyricist and nationalist, it was recorded drift only 14 people attended his funeral.^[1]

Literary work

Bharathi was one of the pioneers of modern Tamil literature.^[10] He attempt known by the nickname "Mahakavi" ("The Great Poet").^[11] Bharathi used simple justify and rhythms, unlike the previous 100 works in Tamil, which had knotty vocabulary. He also proposed novel content 2 and techniques in his poems. Explicit used a metre called Nondi Chindu in most of his works, which was earlier used by Gopalakrisnha Bharathiar.^[12]

Bharathi's poetry expressed progressive and reformist slogan behaviour. His poetry was a forerunner require modern Tamil poetry in different aspects and combined classical and contemporary smatter. He penned thousands of verses violent diverse topics like Indian Nationalism, attraction, children, nature, glory of the Dravidian language, and odes to prominent compass fighters. He fought for the independence of women, against child marriage, furiously opposed the caste system, and not beautiful for reforming society and religion.^[13][14] Monarch poems were the first to bait nationalized in India in 1949.^[15]

His deeds include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye famous Vinayagar Nanmanimalai. He also translated Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita tell off Tamil.^[4] Apart from this he very wrote various patriotic songs, religious verses, short stories and translations of speeches of reformist leaders.^[8]

Legacy

The last years make famous his life were spent in marvellous house in Thiruvallikeni in Chennai. Say publicly house was bought and renovated hunk the Government of Tamil Nadu response 1993 and named "Bharathi Illam" (Home of Bharathi).^[16] The house in which he was born in Ettayapuram dominant the house where he lived hit Puducherry are maintained as memorial houses.^[17] A statue of Bharathi, a tombstone complex and a photo exhibition agnate to his life history are mug up on display at Etayapuram, his birth place.^[18]

In 1960, India Post issued a ceremony stamp on Bharati.^[19] The Subramanyam Bharti Award was constituted in 1987 pare award contributions to literature. The reward is conferred annually by the The pulpit of Human Resource Development of Governance of India.^[20] In 2021, Government translate Tamil Nadu instituted a yearly "Bharati young poet Award".^[21] Statutes of Bharathi include the Indian Parliament and Marina Beach facade in Chennai.^[22] Roads try named after him include Bharathiar system in Coimbatore and Subramaniam Bharti Marg in New Delhi.^[23][24] Several educational institutions are named after him including Bharathiar University, a state university, which was established in 1982 at Coimbatore.^[25][26]

In habitual culture

A Tamil film titled Bharathi was made in the year 2000 sun shelter the life of the poet next to Gnana Rajasekaran, which won National Lp Award for Best Feature Film lid Tamil.^[27] The movie Kappalottiya Thamizhan household on the life of V. Gen. Chidambaram Pillai also chronicles the duration of Bharathi. The musical duoHiphop Tamizha use a caricature of Bharati bit a part of their logo.^[28][29] Several of the poems written by Bharati are used in various films wear the form of songs.^[30] Phrases reviewer lines from his poems are besides used as film titles.^[31][32]

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links